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Prologue -- Chapter. 1. From Citizen to User in the Marketplace of Ideas -- Chapter. 2. From User to Product in the Era of Attention Economy -- Chapter. 3 -- Designed Denial: Infodemics and Fake News -- Chapter. 4 -- Boobs and Borderline Content -- Chapter. 5 -- Influencers and Superspreaders -- Chapter. 6 -- Clandestine Casino -- Chapter. 7 -- Arbiters of Truth -- Chapter. 8. What Now!?.

Attention Economics; Conspiracy Theory; Philosophy; Democracy; Information; Digital Authority; Digitial Slavery; Donald Trump; Information Age; Misinformation; Politics; Populism; Social Media

This open access book looks at how a democracy can devolve into a post-factual state. The media is being flooded by populist narratives, fake news, conspiracy theories and make-believe. Misinformation is turning into a challenge for all of us, whether politicians, journalists, or citizens. In the age of information, attention is a prime asset and may be converted into money, power, and influence – sometimes at the cost of facts. The point is to obtain exposure on the air and in print media, and to generate traffic on social media platforms. With information in abundance and attention scarce, the competition is ever fiercer with truth all too often becoming the first victim. Reality Lost: Markets of Attention, Misinformation and Manipulation is an analysis by philosophers Vincent F. Hendricks and Mads Vestergaard of the nuts and bolts of the information market, the attention economy and media eco-system which may pave way to postfactual democracy. Here misleading narratives become the basis for political opinion formation, debate, and legislation. To curb this development and the threat it poses to democratic deliberation, political self-determination and freedom, it is necessary that we first grasp the mechanisms and structural conditions that cause it.

Ord som identitetspolitik, krænkelseskultur og politisk korrekthed er blevet en fast del af den offentlige debat. Men ofte ender diskussionerne i et polariseret os mod dem: Mændene imod kvinderne, folket imod eliten og ytringsfrihedsforkæmperne imod de krænkelsesparate. Enten er du med dem, eller også er du med os, og du køber altid hele pakken. Os og dem træder et skridt tilbage. Med aktuelle eksempler ? både de store geopolitiske og de nære fra hverdagen ? giver bogen en introduktion til identitetspolitiske kampe inden for køn, race, nationalitet og socialklasse. Hvilke positioner strides på feltet, og hvad er deres vigtigste pointer, idéer og uenigheder? Os og dem fortæller også historien om dengang, da en højskolesang om en blond pige sendte CBS ud i shitstorm og satte den danske debat i brand. For at forstå, hvorfor en sang kunne få så meget opmærksomhed og skabe så dyb splittelse, analyserer bogen det meningsmiljø, de debatter foregår i, hvor unuancerede spidsvinklinger og polariserende fortællinger trives i jagten på kliks og viralitet. Os og dem viser, hvordan vi kan få en bedre offentlig samtale om identitetspolitiske emner, diskrimination og magtforhold ? med nuancerne, proportionerne og sandheden i behold

The information society is upon us. New technologies have given us back pocket libraries, online discussion forums, blogs, crowdbased opinion aggregators, social media and breaking news wherever, whenever. But are we more enlightened and rational because of it? With points of departure in philosophy, logic, social psychology, economics, and choice and game theory, Infostorms shows how information may be used to improve the quality of personal decisions and group thinking but also warns against the informatonal pitfalls which modern information technology may amplify: From science to reality culture and what it really is, that makes you buy a book like this. "With this brilliant book, we have been warned. It is up to all of us in the world today to be stewards of the common resource that is trustworthy and relevant information". Adam Brandenburger, Stern School of Business, NYU "It is a highly recommended read for social scientists and concerned citizens alike". Christian List, London School of Economic

The information society is upon us. New technologies have given us back pocket libraries, online discussion forums, blogs, crowdbased opinion aggregators, social media and breaking news wherever, whenever. But are we more enlightened and rational because of it? With points of departure in philosophy, logic, social psychology, economics, and choice and game theory, Infostorms shows how information may be used to improve the quality of personal decisions and group thinking but also warns against the informatonal pitfalls which modern information technology may amplify: From science to reality culture and what it really is, that makes you buy a book like this. "With this brilliant book, we have been warned. It is up to all of us in the world today to be stewards of the common resource that is trustworthy and relevant information". Adam Brandenburger, Stern School of Business, NYU "It is a highly recommended read for social scientists and concerned citizens alike". Christian List, London School of Economic.

This article contends that certain configurations of information networks facilitate specific cognitive states that are instrumental for decision and action on social media. Group-related knowledge and belief states—in particular common knowledge and pluralistic ignorance—may enable strong public signals. Indeed, some network configurations and attitude states foster informational pathologies that may fuel interest bubbles affecting agenda-setting and the generation of narratives in public spheres.

Nelson Goodman's disparate writings are often written about only within their own particular discipline, such that the epistemology is discussed in contrast to others' epistemology, the aesthetics is contrasted with more traditional aesthetics, and the ontology and logic is viewed in contrast to both other contemporary philosophers and to Goodman's historical predecessors. This book argues that that is not an adequate way to view Goodman. The separate disciplines of ontology, epistemology, and aesthetics should be viewed as sequential steps within his thought, such that each provides the ground rules for the next section and, furthermore, providing the reasons for limitations on the terms available to the subsequent writing(s). This is true not merely because this is the general chronology of his writing, but more importantly because within his metaphysics lies Goodman's basic nominalist ontology and logic, and it is upon those principles that he builds his epistemology and, furthermore, it is the sum of both the metaphysics and the epistemology, with the nominalist principle as the guiding force, which constructs the aesthetics. At the end of each section of this book, the consequent limitations imposed on his terms and concepts available to him are explicated, such that, by the end of the book, the book delineates the constraints imposed upon the aesthetics by both the metaphysics and the epistemology. 'The author has given us the needed scholarly reference work on Goodman. Goodman sought to replace psychology with semantics, and showed us how far we could travel in that direction. The trip was admirably designed and guided by his genius. In end, it was genius, and not the lack of it, that showed us that the philosophy of language and languages of art will lead us back to the hardest questions in the philosophy of mind.' Keith Lehrer, Regents Professor of Philosophy, The University of Arizona

Die Analyse der Autoren vom "Center for Information and Bubble Studies" der Universität Kopenhagen setzt bei der zentralen Kategorie der "Aufmerksamkeit" als Gegenstand der ökonomischen und der Informationswissenschaft an. Sie untersucht die Produktion von "Aufmerksamkeit", die der Medienlogik immer inhärent war. Aber: Wie können meinungsfreie und informationsstarke Demokratien in einen postfaktischen Zustand eintreten? Ein Zustand, bei dem die Jagd nach Aufmerksamkeit die Vermittlung wahrheitsgetreuer Informationen zugunsten einer digitalen Desinformation verdrängt. Speziell durch eher populistische Kräfte (z.B. "Brexit" "Pegida") oder solche Politiker, die sich von den Mainstream-Medien verfolgt fühlen (Trump). Die Konstruktion von Verschwörungen und die Verteufelung des Gegners als Feinde sind dann die nächsten Schritte, hinzukommt der befeuerte Vertrauensverlust in demokratische Institutionen durch ein datenbasiertes Präzisionsmarketing, das genau die erwarteten Antworten liefert. - Sehr gut zu J.-W. Müller: "Was ist Populismus?" (2016) und S. Russ-Mohl: "Die informierte Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde" (2017)